- ITU-R M.2135 Path Loss Model
- Description of the model
- ITU-R M.2135 Path Loss Model
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This path loss model was developed by ITU-R and its detailed description can be found in \[1\]. The model was developed for the evaluation of candidate IMT-Advanced Radio Interface Technologies in the frequency band 2–6 GHz and for the following environments: urban macro (UMa), urban micro (UMi), suburban macro (SMa), rural macro (RMa), and indoor hotspot (InH). Note that only outdoor scenarios UMa, SMa, and RMa are implemented in SEAMCAT. The path loss model from Report ITU-R M.2135-1 is an empirical path loss model based on measurements results carried out in IST-WINNER II project \[2\], as well as results from the literature. The model supports LOS and NLOS propagation conditions as well as the LOS probabilities. This model includes clutter loss and as such, it is not to be combined with the clutter loss model of Recommendation ITU-R P.2108-0.
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<ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="5fd478c8-ff49-4e27-bb1a-79d228d68aff"><ac:parameter ac:name="">_Ref529442385</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro><span style="color: #d2232a"><strong>Table 1: ITU-R M.2135-1 Path Loss model</strong></span> |
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="unmigrated-wiki-markup" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="198a56d4-f5dc-4140-be6f-574353d344e3"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[ | Scenario | LOS/NLOS | Path Loss [dB] | Shadow fading std [dB] | Applicability ranges and default values [m] | ]]></ac:plain-text-body></ac:structured-macro> |
Urban Macro (UMa) | LOS | PLUMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 1) | σSF=4 | hMS=1.5 | ||
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| PL1=28.0+22log10d+20log10fc |
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| PL2=7.8+40log10d-18.0log10hBS'-18.0log10hMS'+2.0log10fc |
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| NLOS | PLUMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS))log10d-3+20log10 fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97) | σSF=6 | hBS=25 | ||
Suburban Macro (SMa) | LOS | PLSMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 2) |
| hBS=35 | ||
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| PL1=20log10(40πd3Dfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h | σSF=4 |
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| PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP | σSF=6 |
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| NLOS | PLSMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS)(log10d-3)+20log10fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97) | σSF=8 |
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Rural Maro (RMa) | LOS | PLRMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤10 km , (see Note 2) |
| hBS=35 | ||
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| PL1=20log10(40πdfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h | σSF=4 |
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| PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP | σSF=6 |
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| NLOS | PLRMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS)(log10d-3)+20log10fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97) | σSF=8 |
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Note 1:
Breakpoint distance dBP'=4hBS'hMS'fc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS' and hMS' are the effective antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively. The effective antenna heights hBS' and hMS' are computed as follows: hBS'=hBS-hE, hMS'=hMS-hE, where hBS and hMS are the actual antenna heights, and hE is the effective environment height assumed to be hE=1 m.
Note 2:
Break point distance dBP=2πhBShMSfc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS and hMS are the antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively.
SEAMCAT specific implementation:
hBS=maxhTx, hRx
hMS=minhTx, hRx
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Scenario | LOS probability |
UMa | PLOS=min18d, 1⋅1-exp-d63+exp-d63 |
SMa | PLOS=1, d≤10exp-d-10200, d>10 |
RMa | PLOS=1, d≤10exp-d-101000, d>10 |
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Note: According to Report ITU-R M.2135-1, the LOS probabilities are used only for system level simulations.
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In case the LOS probability is used, the path loss is computed as follows \[3\]:
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PLProbdB=PLOS⋅PLLOSdB+1-PLOS⋅PLNLOS\[dB\]
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where path losses in the LOS and NLOS conditions (PLLOS and PLNLOS) and the LOS probability, PLOS, for a given scenario are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. |
- Input parameters
The input parameters for the path loss model ITU-R M.2135-1 are shown in Figure 1 and defined in Table 3.
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Description | Symbol | Type | Unit | Comments |
Variation | σSF | B | dB | Variation in path loss (applies shadow fading) |
Scenario | - | S | - | Urban Macro Cell (UMa), Suburban Macro Cell (SMa) or Rural Macro Cell (RMa) |
Line of Sight | - | S | - | Line of Sight (LOS), Non-Line of Sight (NLOS), or LOS Probabilities |
Street width | W | D | m | Average street width |
Building height | h | D | m | Average building height |
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References
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="unmigrated-wiki-markup" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="7dd809e6-86ac-43d5-911a-710988a079b7"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[ | [1] | ITU-R, "Report ITU-R M.2135-1: Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced," 2009. | ]]></ac:plain-text-body></ac:structured-macro> |
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="unmigrated-wiki-markup" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="eef8366f-e02d-4340-8f9c-5b9b419b9075"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[ | [2] | P. Kyösti, J. Meinilä, L. Hentilä, X. Zhao, T. Jämsä, C. Schneider, M. Narandzić, M. Milojević, A. Hong, J. Ylitalo, V.-M. Holappa, M. Alatossava, R. Bultitude, Y. d. Jong and T. Rautiainen, "IST-4-027756 WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2 WINNER II Channel Models Part I: Channel Models," 2008. | ]]></ac:plain-text-body></ac:structured-macro> |
<ac:structured-macro ac:name="unmigrated-wiki-markup" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="69097a17-9ccd-4911-81b8-711cb46d327d"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[ | [3] | M. K. Samimi, T. S. Rappaport and G. R. MacCartney, "Probabilistic omnidirectional path loss models for millimeter-wave outdoor communications," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 357–360, 2015. | ]]></ac:plain-text-body></ac:structured-macro> |