A17.21.1 Description of the model
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This
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path
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loss
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model
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was
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developed
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by
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3GPP
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and
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its
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detailed
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description
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can
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be
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found
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in
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[1
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].
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The
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model
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is
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applicable
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for
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link
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and
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system
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level
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simulations
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in
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the
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frequency
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band
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0.5–100
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GHz,
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for
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bandwidths
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up
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to
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10%
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of
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the
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center
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frequency
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but
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not
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larger
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than
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2 GHz,
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and
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for
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urban
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macro
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cell
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(UMa),
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urban
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micro
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cell
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street
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canyon
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(UMi-Street
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canyon),
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rural
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macro
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cell
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(RMa),
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and
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indoor
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office.
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Note
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that
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only
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outdoor
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scenarios
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UMa,
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UMi-Street
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canyon,
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and
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RMa
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are
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implemented
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in
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SEAMCAT.
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3GPP
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TR
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38.901
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is
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an
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empirical
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path
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loss
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model
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based
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on
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measurements
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and
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it
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is
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to
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a
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large
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extent
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aligned
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with
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earlier
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empirical
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path
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loss
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models
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valid
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below
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6 GHz,
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such
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as
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IMT-Advanced
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model
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ITU-R
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M.2135.
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The
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model
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supports
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LOS
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and
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NLOS
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propagation
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conditions
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as
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well
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as
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the
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LOS
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probabilities.
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This
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model
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includes
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clutter
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loss
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and
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as
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such
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it
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is
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not
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to
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be
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combined
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with
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the
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clutter
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loss
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model
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of
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Recommendation
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ITU-R
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P.2108-0.
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Table 1: 3GPP TR 38.901 Path Loss model
Note 1:
Breakpoint distance , where is the centre frequency in Hz, m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and and are the effective antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively. The effective antenna heights and are computed as follows: , where and are the actual antenna heights, and is the effective environment height. For UMi, m. For UMa, m with a probability equal to and chosen from a discrete uniform distribution otherwise. With given by
Breakpoint distance dBP'=4hBS'hMS'fc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS' and hMS' are the effective antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively. The effective antenna heights hBS' and hMS' are computed as follows: hBS'=hBS-hE, hMS'=hMS-hE, where hBS and hMS are the actual antenna heights, and hE is the effective environment height. For UMi, hE=1 m. For UMa, hE=1 m with a probability equal to 1/(1+C(d2D, hMS)) and chosen from a discrete uniform distribution uniform(12,15,…,(hMS-1.5)) otherwise. With C(d2D, hMS) given by
Cd2D, hMS= 0, hMS<13 hMS-13101,5gd2D, 13 ≤hMS≤23
where
gd2D= 0, d2D≤18 54d2D1003exp-d2D150, 18<d2D
Note that hE depends on d2D and hMS and thus needs to be independently determined for every link between BS sites and MSs. A BS site may be a single BS or multiple co-located BSs.
3-D distance is defined as:
d3D=d2D2+hBS-hMS2
Note 2:
fc denotes the center frequency normalized by 1 GHz, all distance and height related values are normalized by 1 m, unless it is stated otherwise.
Note 3:
UMa NLOS pathloss is from TR 36.873 with simplified format and PLUMa-LOS is equal to pathloss of UMa LOS outdoor scenario.
Note 4:
PLUMi-LOS is the pathloss of UMi-Street Canyon LOS outdoor scenario.
Note 5:
Break point distance dBP=2πhBShMSfc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS and hMS are the antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively.
SEAMCAT specific implementation:
hBS=maxhTx, hRx
hMS=minhTx, hRx Anchor
Table 2: LOS Probability
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Note: The LOS probability is derived assuming antenna heights of 3 m for indoor, 10 m for UMi and 25 m for UMa. |
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The input parameters for the path loss model 3GPP TR 38.901 are shown in Figure 1 and defined in Table 3. 
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Description | Symbol | Type | Unit | Comments |
Variation | σSF | B | dB | Variation in path loss (applies shadow fading) |
Scenario | - | S | - | Urban Macro Cell (UMa), Urban Micro Cell-Street canyon (UMi-Street canyon), or Rural Macro Cell (RMa) |
Line of Sight | - | S | - | Line of Sight (LOS), Non-Line of Sight (NLOS), or LOS Probabilities |
Street width | W | D | m | Average street width for RMa scenario |
Building height | h | D | m | Average building height for RMa scenario |
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