A.17.20.1 Description of the model
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This
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path
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loss
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model
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was
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developed
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by
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ITU-R
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and
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its
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detailed
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description
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can
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be
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found
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in
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[1
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].
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The
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model
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was
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developed
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for
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the
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evaluation
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of
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candidate
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IMT-Advanced
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Radio
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Interface
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Technologies
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in
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the
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frequency
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band
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2–6
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GHz
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and
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for
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the
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following
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environments:
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urban
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macro
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(UMa),
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urban
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micro
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(UMi),
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suburban
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macro
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(SMa),
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rural
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macro
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(RMa),
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and
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indoor
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hotspot
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(InH).
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Note
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that
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only
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outdoor
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scenarios
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UMa,
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SMa,
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and
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RMa
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are
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implemented
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in
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SEAMCAT.
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The
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path
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loss
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model
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from
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Report
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ITU-R
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M.2135-1
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is
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an
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empirical
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path
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loss
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model
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based
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on
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measurements
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results
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carried
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out
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in
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IST-WINNER
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II
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project
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[2
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],
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as
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well
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as
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results
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from
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the
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literature.
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The
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model
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supports
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LOS
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and
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NLOS
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propagation
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conditions
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as
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well
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as
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the
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LOS
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probabilities.
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This
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model
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includes
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clutter
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loss
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and
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as
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such,
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it
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is
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not
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to
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be
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combined
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with
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the
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clutter
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loss
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model
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of
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Recommendation
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ITU-R
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P.2108-0.
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Table 1: ITU-R M.2135-1
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Path
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Loss model
Scenario | LOS/NLOS | Path Loss [dB] | Shadow fading std [dB] | Applicability ranges and default values [m] |
Urban Macro (UMa) | LOS | PLUMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 1) | σSF=4 | hMS=1.5 |
PL1=28.0+22log10d+20log10fc | ||||
PL2=7.8+40log10d-18.0log10hBS'-18.0log10hMS'+2.0log10fc | ||||
NLOS | PLUMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS))log10d-3+20log10 fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97) | σSF=6 | hBS=25 | |
Suburban Macro (SMa) | LOS | PLSMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 2) | hBS=35 | |
PL1=20log10(40πd3Dfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h | σSF=4 | |||
PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP | σSF=6 | |||
NLOS | PLSMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS)(log10d-3)+20log10fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97) | σSF=8 | ||
Rural Maro (RMa) | LOS | PLRMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤10 km , (see Note 2) | hBS=35 | |
PL1=20log10(40πdfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h | σSF=4 | |||
PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP | σSF=6 | |||
NLOS | PLRMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS)(log10d-3)+20log10fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97) | σSF=8 |
Note 1:
Breakpoint distance dBP'=4hBS'hMS'fc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS' and hMS' are the effective antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively. The effective antenna heights hBS' and hMS' are computed as follows: hBS'=hBS-hE, hMS'=hMS-hE, where hBS and hMS are the actual antenna heights, and hE is the effective environment height assumed to be hE=1 m.
Note 2:
Break point distance dBP=2πhBShMSfc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS and hMS are the antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively.
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hBS=maxhTx, hRx
hMS=minhTx, hRx Anchor
Table 2: LOS Probability
Scenario | LOS probability | |||||||
UMa | PLOS=min18d, 1⋅1-exp-d63+exp-d63 | SMa | PLOS |
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SMa |
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RMa | PLOS=1, d≤10exp-d-101000, d>10 |
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Note:
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According
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to
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Report
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ITU-R
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M.2135-1,
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the
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LOS
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probabilities
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are
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used
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only
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for
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system
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level
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simulations.
In case the LOS probability is used, the path loss is computed as follows:
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The input parameters for the path loss model ITU-R M.2135-1 are shown in Figure 1 and defined in Table 3.
Anchor
Figure 1: GUI of the ITU-R M.2135-1 path loss model
Table 3: Parameters of the ITU-R M.2135-1 path loss model
Description | Symbol | Type | Unit | Comments |
Variation | σSF | B | dB | Variation in path loss (applies shadow fading) |
Scenario | - | S | - | Urban Macro Cell (UMa), Suburban Macro Cell (SMa) or Rural Macro Cell (RMa) |
Line of Sight | - | S | - | Line of Sight (LOS), Non-Line of Sight (NLOS), or LOS Probabilities |
Street width | W | D | m | Average street width |
Building height | h | D | m | Average building height |
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[1] | ITU-R, "Report ITU-R M.2135-1: Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced," 2009. | ||
[2] | P. Kyösti, J. Meinilä, L. Hentilä, X. Zhao, T. Jämsä, C. Schneider, M. Narandzić, M. Milojević, A. Hong, J. Ylitalo, V.-M. Holappa, M. Alatossava, R. Bultitude, Y. d. Jong and T. Rautiainen, "IST-4-027756 WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2 WINNER II Channel Models Part I: Channel Models," 2008. | [3] | M. K. Samimi, T. S. Rappaport and G. R. MacCartney, "Probabilistic omnidirectional path loss models for millimeter-wave outdoor communications," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 357–360, 2015. |