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The Monte-Carlo simulation method is based upon the principle of taking samples of random variables from a given distribution. Before the simulation you need to define the distributions for all relevant parameters of the radiocommunications systems to be modelled (e.g. antenna heights, powers, operating frequencies, positions of the transceivers, etc.). Fixed values can be specified for parmaters which do not vary in the scenario (e.g. systems with specific frequnecies frequenecies or heights). The technical specifications of the receiver and transmitter are generally extracted from relevant equipment standard (e.g. standards produced by ETSI, 3GPP, IEEE etc.).
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The only requirement is that the physical or mathematical parameter can be described by a probability density function (¨PDFPDF). Once the PDFs of the relevant parameters are known, the Monte Carlo simulation can proceed by randomly sampling them. Many simulation trials are performed with different random samples for each trial, and the desired result is taken as an average over the number of observations. In many practical applications, one can predict the statistical error in this average result, and hence an estimate of the number of Monte Carlo trials that are needed to achieve a given error.
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