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A.17.20.1 Description of the model

Wiki MarkupThis path loss model was developed by ITU-R and its detailed description can be found in \ [1\]. The model was developed for the evaluation of candidate IMT-Advanced Radio Interface Technologies in the frequency band 2–6 GHz and for the following environments: urban macro (UMa), urban micro (UMi), suburban macro (SMa), rural macro (RMa), and indoor hotspot (InH). Note that only outdoor scenarios UMa, SMa, and RMa are implemented in SEAMCAT. The path loss model from Report ITU-R M.2135-1 is an empirical path loss model based on measurements results carried out in IST-WINNER II project \ [2\], as well as results from the literature. The model supports LOS and NLOS propagation conditions as well as the LOS probabilities. This model includes clutter loss and as such, it is not to be combined with the clutter loss model of Recommendation ITU-R P.2108-0. \\ <ac:structured-macro ac:name="anchor" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="5fd478c8-ff49-4e27-bb1a-79d228d68aff"><ac:parameter ac:name="">_Ref529442385</ac:parameter></ac:structured-macro><span style="color: #d2232a"><strong>Table 1: ITU-R

Table 1: ITU-R M.2135-1 Path Loss model</strong></span>

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<ac:structured-macro ac:name="unmigrated-wiki-markup" ac:schema-version="1" ac:macro-id="198a56d4-f5dc-4140-be6f-574353d344e3"><ac:plain-text-body><![CDATA[

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Scenario

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LOS/NLOS

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Path Loss [dB]

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Shadow fading std [dB]

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Applicability ranges and default values [m]

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Urban Macro (UMa)

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LOS

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PLUMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 1)

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σSF=4

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hMS=1.5
hBS=25

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PL1=28.0+22log10d+20log10fc

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PL2=7.8+40log10d-18.0log10hBS'-18.0log10hMS'+2.0log10fc

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NLOS

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PLUMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS))log10d-3+20log10 fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97)

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σSF=6

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hBS=25
hMS=1.5
W=20
h=20
10≤d≤5000
10≤hBS≤150
1≤hMS≤10
5≤W≤50
5≤h≤50

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Suburban Macro (SMa)

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LOS

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PLSMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 2)

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PL1=20log10(40πd3Dfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h

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σSF=4

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PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP

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σSF=6

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NLOS

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PLSMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS)(log10d-3)+20log10fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97)

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σSF=8

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Rural Maro (RMa)

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LOS

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PLRMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤10 km , (see Note 2)

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PL1=20log10(40πdfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h

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σSF=4

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PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP

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σSF=6

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NLOS

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σSF=8

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Note 1:
Breakpoint distance dBP'=4hBS'hMS'fc/c, where fc Loss model

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Note 1:
Breakpoint distance

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--%7B\ d%7D_%7BBP%7D%5e\prime=4h_%7BBS%7D%5e\prime h_%7BMS%7D%5e\prime f_c/c,

where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS' and hMS' are the effective antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively. The effective antenna heights hBS' and hMS' are computed as follows: hBS'=hBS-hE, hMS'=hMS-hE, where hBS and hMS are the actual antenna heights, and hE is the effective environment height assumed to be hE=1 m.

Note 2:
Break point distance dBP=2πhBShMSfc

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--d_%7BBP%7D=2\pi h_%7BBS%7Dh_%7BMS%7Df_c/c,

where

where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS and hMS are the antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively.

SEAMCAT specific implementation: hBS=maxhTx, hRx
hMS=minhTx, hRx

_Ref529442393

Anchor

_Ref529442393

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--h_%7BBS%7D=\max%7B\left(h_%7BTx%7D,\ h_%7BRx%7D\right)%7D

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--h_%7BMS%7D=\min%7B\left(h_%7BTx%7D,\ h_%7BRx%7D\right)%7D

Table 2: LOS Probability

Scenario	LOS probability
UMa

PLOS=min18d, 1⋅1-exp-d63+exp-d63

SMa

PLOS=1, d≤10exp-d-10200, d>10

RMa

PLOS=1, d≤10exp-d-101000, d>10

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Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D=\min%7B\left(\frac%7B18%7D%7Bd%7D,\ 1\right)%7D\cdot\left(1-\exp%7B\left(-\frac%7Bd%7D%7B63%7D\right)%7D\right)%7B+%7D\exp%7B\left(-\frac%7Bd%7D%7B63%7D\right)%7D

SMa

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D=1,d≤10

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D=exp(-(d-10)/200) ,d>10

RMa

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D=1,d≤10

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D=exp(-(d-10)/1000) ,d>10

Note: According to Report ITU-R M.2135-1, the LOS probabilities are used only for system level simulations. \\

In case the LOS probability is used, the path loss is computed as follows \[3\]: \\ PLProbdB=PLOS⋅PLLOSdB+1-PLOS⋅PLNLOS\[dB\] \\ where path losses in the LOS and NLOS conditions (PLLOS and PLNLOS) and the LOS probability, PLOS, for a given scenario are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. follows:

for a given Tx-Rx distance d:

compute probability of LoS:
Mathinline
body --uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D
draw a sample value from uniform distribution
Mathinline
body u\ =\ U(0,1)
if
Mathinline
body --uriencoded--u\ <\ P_%7BLOS%7D
the path is LoS:

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--PL=%7BPL%7D_%7BLOS%7D\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (dB)

else the path is NLoS:

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--PL=%7BPL%7D_%7BNLOS%7D\ \ \ \ \ \ (dB)

where path losses in the LOS and NLOS conditions (

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--PL_%7BLOS%7D

and

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--PL_%7BNLOS%7D

) and the LOS probability,

Mathinline

body	--uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D

, for a given scenario are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.

A17.20.2 Input parameters

The input parameters for the path loss model ITU-R M.2135-1 are shown in Figure 1 and defined in Table 3.
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Figure 1: GUI of the ITU-R M.2135-1 path loss model Anchor_Ref507762636_Ref507762636

Table 3: Parameters of the ITU-R M.2135-1 path loss model

Description	Symbol	Type	Unit	Comments
Variation	σSF	B	dB	Variation in path loss (applies shadow fading)
Scenario	-	S	-	Urban Macro Cell (UMa), Suburban Macro Cell (SMa) or Rural Macro Cell (RMa)
Line of Sight	-	S	-	Line of Sight (LOS), Non-Line of Sight (NLOS), or LOS Probabilities
Street width	W	D	m	Average street width
Building height	h	D	m	Average building height

References

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[1]	ITU-R, "Report ITU-R M.2135-1: Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced," 2009.

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[

CDATA[[

2]	P. Kyösti, J. Meinilä, L. Hentilä, X. Zhao, T. Jämsä, C. Schneider, M. Narandzić, M. Milojević, A. Hong, J. Ylitalo, V.-M. Holappa, M. Alatossava, R. Bultitude, Y. d. Jong and T. Rautiainen, "IST-4-027756 WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2 WINNER II Channel Models Part I: Channel Models," 2008.

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[3]

M. K. Samimi, T. S. Rappaport and G. R. MacCartney, "Probabilistic omnidirectional path loss models for millimeter-wave outdoor communications," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 357–360, 2015.

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