A.17.20.1 Description of the model
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This
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path
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loss
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model
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was
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developed
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by
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ITU-R
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and
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its
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detailed
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description
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can
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be
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found
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in
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[1
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].
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The
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model
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was
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developed
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for
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the
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evaluation
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of
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candidate
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IMT-Advanced
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Radio
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Interface
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Technologies
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in
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the
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frequency
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band
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2–6
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GHz
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and
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for
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the
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following
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environments:
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urban
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macro
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(UMa),
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urban
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micro
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(UMi),
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suburban
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macro
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(SMa),
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rural
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macro
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(RMa),
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and
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indoor
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hotspot
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(InH).
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Note
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that
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only
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outdoor
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scenarios
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UMa,
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SMa,
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and
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RMa
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are
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implemented
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in
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SEAMCAT.
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The
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path
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loss
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model
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from
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Report
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ITU-R
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M.2135-1
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is
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an
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empirical
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path
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loss
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model
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based
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on
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measurements
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results
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carried
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out
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in
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IST-WINNER
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II
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project
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[2
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],
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as
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well
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as
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results
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from
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the
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literature.
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The
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model
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supports
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LOS
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and
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NLOS
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propagation
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conditions
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as
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well
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as
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the
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LOS
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probabilities.
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This
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model
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includes
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clutter
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loss
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and
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as
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such,
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it
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is
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not
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to
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be
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combined
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with
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the
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clutter
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loss
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model
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of
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Recommendation
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ITU-R
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P.2108-0.
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Table 1: ITU-R M.2135-1
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Path
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Scenario
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LOS/NLOS
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Path Loss [dB]
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Shadow fading std [dB]
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Applicability ranges and default values [m]
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Urban Macro (UMa)
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LOS
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PLUMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 1)
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σSF=4
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hMS=1.5
hBS=25
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PL1=28.0+22log10d+20log10fc
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PL2=7.8+40log10d-18.0log10hBS'-18.0log10hMS'+2.0log10fc
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NLOS
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PLUMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS))log10d-3+20log10 fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97)
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σSF=6
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hBS=25
hMS=1.5
W=20
h=20
10≤d≤5000
10≤hBS≤150
1≤hMS≤10
5≤W≤50
5≤h≤50
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Suburban Macro (SMa)
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LOS
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PLSMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤5 km , (see Note 2)
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PL1=20log10(40πd3Dfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h
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σSF=4
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PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP
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σSF=6
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NLOS
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PLSMa-NLOS=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS)(log10d-3)+20log10fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97)
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σSF=8
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Rural Maro (RMa)
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LOS
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PLRMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d≤10 km , (see Note 2)
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PL1=20log10(40πdfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002dlog10h
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σSF=4
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PL2=PL1dBP+40log10ddBP
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σSF=6
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NLOS
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σSF=8
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Note 1:
Breakpoint distance dBP'=4hBS'hMS'fc/c, where Loss model
Note 1:
Breakpoint distance
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Note 2:
Break point distance dBP=2πhBShMSfc
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SEAMCAT specific implementation:
hBS=maxhTx, hRx
hMS=minhTx, hRx Anchor
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Table 2: LOS Probability
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Scenario | LOS probability |
UMa | PLOS=min18d, 1⋅1-exp-d63+exp-d63 |
SMa | PLOS=1, d≤10exp-d-10200, d>10 |
RMa | PLOS=1, d≤10exp-d-101000, d>10 |
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SMa |
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| RMa |
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Note: According to Report ITU-R M.2135-1,
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the
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LOS
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probabilities
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are
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used
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only
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for
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system
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level
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simulations.
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In
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case
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the
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LOS
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probability
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is
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used,
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the
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path
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loss
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is
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computed
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as
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follows:
for a given Tx-Rx distance d:
- compute probability of LoS:
Mathinline body --uriencoded--P_%7BLOS%7D - draw a sample value from uniform distribution
Mathinline body u\ =\ U(0,1) - if
the path is LoS:Mathinline body --uriencoded--u\ <\ P_%7BLOS%7D
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- else the path is NLoS:
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where path losses in the LOS and NLOS conditions (
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A17.20.2 Input parameters
The input parameters for the path loss model ITU-R M.2135-1 are shown in Figure 1 and defined in Table 3.
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Figure 1: GUI of the ITU-R M.2135-1 path loss model
Table 3: Parameters of the ITU-R M.2135-1 path loss model
Description | Symbol | Type | Unit | Comments |
Variation | σSF | B | dB | Variation in path loss (applies shadow fading) |
Scenario | - | S | - | Urban Macro Cell (UMa), Suburban Macro Cell (SMa) or Rural Macro Cell (RMa) |
Line of Sight | - | S | - | Line of Sight (LOS), Non-Line of Sight (NLOS), or LOS Probabilities |
Street width | W | D | m | Average street width |
Building height | h | D | m | Average building height |
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References
[1] | ITU-R, "Report ITU-R M.2135-1: Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced," 2009. | ||
[2] | P. Kyösti, J. Meinilä, L. Hentilä, X. Zhao, T. Jämsä, C. Schneider, M. Narandzić, M. Milojević, A. Hong, J. Ylitalo, V.-M. Holappa, M. Alatossava, R. Bultitude, Y. d. Jong and T. Rautiainen, "IST-4-027756 WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2 WINNER II Channel Models Part I: Channel Models," 2008. | [3] | M. K. Samimi, T. S. Rappaport and G. R. MacCartney, "Probabilistic omnidirectional path loss models for millimeter-wave outdoor communications," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 357–360, 2015. |