A17.21.1 Description of the model
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This
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path
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loss
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model
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was
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developed
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by
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3GPP
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and
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its
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detailed
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description
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can
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be
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found
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in
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[1
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].
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The
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model
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is
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applicable
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for
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link
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and
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system
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level
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simulations
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in
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the
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frequency
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band
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0.5–100
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GHz,
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for
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bandwidths
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up
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to
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10%
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of
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the
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center
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frequency
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but
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not
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larger
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than
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2 GHz,
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and
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for
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urban
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macro
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cell
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(UMa),
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urban
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micro
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cell
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street
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canyon
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(UMi-Street
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canyon),
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rural
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macro
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cell
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(RMa),
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and
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indoor
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office.
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Note
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that
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only
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outdoor
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scenarios
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UMa,
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UMi-Street
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canyon,
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and
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RMa
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are
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implemented
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in
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SEAMCAT.
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3GPP
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TR
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38.901
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is
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an
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empirical
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path
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loss
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model
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based
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on
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measurements
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and
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it
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is
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to
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a
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large
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extent
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aligned
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with
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earlier
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empirical
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path
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loss
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models
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valid
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below
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6 GHz,
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such
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as
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IMT-Advanced
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model
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ITU-R
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M.2135.
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The
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model
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supports
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LOS
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and
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NLOS
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propagation
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conditions
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as
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well
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as
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the
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LOS
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probabilities.
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This
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model
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includes
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clutter
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loss
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and
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as
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such
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it
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is
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not
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to
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be
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combined
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with
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the
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clutter
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loss
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model
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of
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Recommendation
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ITU-R
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P.2108-0.
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Scenario
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LOS/NLOS
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Path Loss [dB]
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Shadow fading [dB]
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Applicability ranges and default values [m]
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UMa
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LOS
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PLUMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d2D≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d2D≤5 km , (see Note 1)
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σSF=4
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PL1=28.0+22log10d3D+20log10fc
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PL2=28.0+40log10d3D+20log10fc-9log10(dBP'2+hBS-hMS2)
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NLOS
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PLUMa-NLOS=max(PLUMa-LOS, PLUMa-NLOS')
for 10 m≤d2D≤5 km
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σSF=6
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1.5≤hMS≤22.5
hBS=25
(Note 3)
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PLUMa-NLOS'=13.54+39.08log10d3D+20log10fc
-0.6(hMS-1.5)
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UMi-Street Canyon
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LOS
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PLUMi-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d2D≤dBP'PL2, dBP'≤d2D≤5 km , (see Note 1)
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σSF=4
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PL1=32.4+21log10d3D+20log10fc
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PL2=32.4+40log10d3D+20log10fc-9.5log10(dBP'2+hBS-hMS2)
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NLOS
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PLUMi-NLOS=max(PLUMi-LOS, PLUMi-NLOS')
for 10 m≤d2D≤5 km
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σSF=7.82
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PLUMi-NLOS'=22.4+35.3log10d3D+21.3log10fc
-0.3(hMS-1.5)
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RMa
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LOS
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PLRMa-LOS= PL1, 10 m≤d2D≤dBPPL2, dBP≤d2D≤10 km , (see Note 5)
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PL1=20log10(40πd3Dfc/3)+min0.03h1.72, 10log10d3D- min0.044h1.72, 14.77+0.002d3Dlog10h
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σSF=4
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PL2=PL1dBP+40log10d3DdBP
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σSF=6
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NLOS
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PLRMa-NLOS=max(PLRMa-LOS, PLRMa-NLOS')
for 10 m≤d2D≤5 km
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σSF=8
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PLRMa-NLOS'=161.04-7.1log10W+7.5log10h-24.37-3.7hhBS2log10hBS+(43.42-3.1log10hBS)(log10d3D-3)+20log10fc-(3.2log1011.75hMS2-4.97)
Note 1:
Breakpoint distance dBP'=4hBS'hMS'fc/c,
Table 1: 3GPP TR 38.901 Path Loss model
Note 1:
Breakpoint distance
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With C(d2D, hMS) given by
Cd2D, hMS= 0, hMS<13 hMS-13101,5gd2D, 13 ≤hMS≤23
where
gd2D= 0, d2D≤18 54d2D1003exp-d2D150, 18<d2D
;
Note that hE depends on d2D and hMS and thus needs to be independently determined for every link between BS sites and MSs. A BS site may be a single BS or multiple co-located BSs.
3-D distance is defined as:d3D=d2D2+hBS-hMS2
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Note 2:
fc denotes the center frequency normalized by 1 GHz, all distance and height related values are normalized by 1 m, unless it is stated otherwise.
Note 3:
UMa NLOS pathloss is from TR 36.873 with simplified format and PLUMa-LOS is equal to pathloss of UMa LOS outdoor scenario.
Note 4:
PLUMi-LOS is the pathloss of UMi-Street Canyon LOS outdoor scenario.
Note 5:
Break point distance dBP=2πhBShMSfc/c, where fc is the centre frequency in Hz, c=3×108 m/s is the propagation velocity in free space, and hBS and hMS are the antenna heights at the BS and the MS, respectively.
SEAMCAT specific implementation:
hBS=maxhTx, hRx
hMS=minhTx, hRx
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Table 2: LOS Probability
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Scenario
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LOS probability
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UMa
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PLOS=1, d2D≤1818d2D+1-18d2Dexp-d2D631+54C'hMSd2D1003exp-d2D150, d2D>18
where
C'hMS= 0, hMS<13 hMS-13101.5, 13 ≤hMS≤23
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UMi-Street canyon
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RMa
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PLOS=1, d2D≤10exp-d2D-101000, d2D>10
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Note:
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The
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LOS
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probability
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is
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derived
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assuming
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antenna
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heights
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of
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3
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m
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for
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indoor,
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10
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m
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for
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UMi
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and
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25 m
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for
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UMa.
In case the LOS probability is used, the path loss is computed as follows:
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The input parameters for the path loss model 3GPP TR 38.901 are shown in Figure 1 and defined in Table 3. 
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Table 3: Parameters of the 3GPP TR 38.901 Path loss model
Description | Symbol | Type | Unit | Comments |
Variation | σSF | B | dB | Variation in path loss (applies shadow fading) |
Scenario | - | S | - | Urban Macro Cell (UMa), Urban Micro Cell-Street canyon (UMi-Street canyon), or Rural Macro Cell (RMa) |
Line of Sight | - | S | - | Line of Sight (LOS), Non-Line of Sight (NLOS), or LOS Probabilities |
Street width | W | D | m | Average street width for RMa scenario |
Building height | h | D | m | Average building height for RMa scenario |
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[1] | 3GPP, "TR 38.901 5G; Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz," 2018. | [2] | M. K. Samimi, T. S. Rappaport and G. R. MacCartney, "Probabilistic omnidirectional path loss models for millimeter-wave outdoor communications," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 357–360, 2015. |